英國Overcrowding Law 知識 – 英國租屋買樓法例:在英國 ,如果您住在一間被視為「overcrowded」的住宿環境/房屋中,屬於刑事罪行。BNO VISA 的申請指南也說明了您不能住在一間「overcrowded」的房屋中,否則將影響您的簽證。
下圖是有關Housing Act 1985 – PART X OVERCROWDING的指引。
根據Housing Act 1985,當一個家庭居住的人數超過該屋的指標,包括the room standard 及 the space standard 最大的允許的數時。如果您違反了其中一個指標,即代表該住宿環境為過度擠擁(overcrowded) 。如觸犯此法例,將構成刑事犯罪 (criminal offence)。
A dwelling is overcrowded for the purposes of this Part when the number of persons sleeping in the dwelling is such as to contravene—
(a)the standard specified in section 325 (the room standard), or
(b)the standard specified in section 326 (the space standard).
The statutory overcrowding standard 以兩個指標來計算:
The room standard 在同一間房間的睡覺人數和性別來決定。除了例外情況外,如果兩個異性在同一房間睡覺,即違反The room standard。
The room standard例外情況包括:
例子:
The space standard 是基於在特定大小的房間中可以睡覺的最大人數來決定。以下是3個重要的指標:
以下是The space standard 的計算方法
方法一: The number specified in Table in relation to the number of rooms in the dwelling available as sleeping accommodation
房間的數量 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5+ |
人數 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 7 1/2 | 每個房間兩人 |
方法二: The aggregate for all such rooms in the dwelling of the numbers specified in column 2 of Table II in relation to each room of the floor area specified in column 1
住宅中每個房間的建築面積(平方英尺)* | 人數 |
---|---|
110 sq. ft. or more | 2 |
90 sq. ft. or more but less than 110 sq.ft. | 1½ |
70 sq. ft. or more but less than 90 sq. ft. | 1 |
50 sq. ft. or more but less than 70 sq. ft. | ½ |
*Floor area of each room in a dwelling (square feet)
基本規則:
無論您使用方法一或方法二計算:
兩個方法計算出的結果以較低的允許人數為準。
The permitted number of persons in relation to a dwelling is whichever is the less of—
(a)the number specified in Table I in relation to the number of rooms in the dwelling available as sleeping accommodation, and
(b)the aggregate for all such rooms in the dwelling of the numbers specified in column 2 of Table II in relation to each room of the floor area specified in column 1
No account shall be taken for the purposes of either Table of a room having a floor area of less than 50 square feet.
Where the persons sleeping in an overcrowded dwelling include a member of the occupier’s family who does not live there but is sleeping there temporarily, the occupier is not guilty of an offence under section 327 (occupier causing or permitting overcrowding) unless the circumstances are such that he would be so guilty if that member of his family were not sleeping there.
即是如果有親友臨時在您家住, 則不當overcrowd處理。
即是如果有朋友或親友臨時在您家住/睡覺少於16天, 而您沒有任何利益收入, 則不當overcrowd處理。
Hertsmere Borough Council 出版了一份名為「Do you think you are overcrowded?」的單張。您也可以到此連結下載。
根據Shelter,許多地方當局 (local authorities) 在評估申請人是否overcrowded 時是使用 bedroom standard (臥室標準),為確保申請人在其社會住房分配計劃下有合理的偏好。
The Allocations Code of Guidance 建議採用以下“bedroom standard”作為 overcrowding 的最低標準。
即一間臥室應該只有:
一對成年夫婦 adult couple
一位任何21歲以上的成年人 any other adult aged 21 or over
兩個年齡在10至20歲之間的同性青少年 two adolescents of the same sex aged 10 to 20
10歲以下的兩個孩子,不分性別 two children regardless of sex under the age of 10
根據 House of Common的文件 (按此下載),The table below breaks down overcrowding by specific ethnic groups. Overcrowding was more common in almost all minority ethnic households compared to White British households. Overcrowding was most common for Bangladeshi households (30% were overcrowded), Pakistani households (16%), and Black African households (15%).
Notes: Figures are the average of the three years up to and including 2015/17.mA household’s ethnicity is based on the ethnicity of the ‘household reference person’: the person responsible for the accommodation, or the highest earner in cases of joint owners and tenants.
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